In telephony, a switch is a device within a telephone exchange, such as the public switched telephone network (PSTN), that connects calls from the requester to the destination. They're typically found in central offices, which are large switching stations operated by phone service providers. An individual call may travel through several central offices on the way to the call recipient, and the hand-offs are all enabled by switches. In addition to processing voice transmissions, switches can also facilitate digital communications by connecting computer modems to whatever location they request.
Switches include both a hardware and a software component. In fact, switching software automated what used to be done by large numbers of human phone switch operators. They do this by physically connecting incoming calls to the appropriate outgoing circuit. When you use landline phones, you're interacting with this smart technology, beginning with when you lift the receiver and hear a dial tone.
Telephone switches are part of the backbone of our current telecommunications system.
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